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Observability is a concept used in IT and cloud computing to measure and understand the internal state of a system by examining its outputs, including logs, metrics, events, and traces. This helps system engineers and DevOps teams to proactively collect and analyze data, troubleshoot system issues, and ensure a system is working correctly. The three main pillars of observability are logs, metrics, and traces. Observability is also a measure of how well the internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs. It is defined as the ability to measure a system's current state and understand its properties and patterns not defined in advance. Control theory describes observability and controllability as mathematical duals.