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Magnetic moment refers to the magnetic strength and orientation of an object that produces a magnetic field. It can be considered a vector quantity perpendicular to the current loop in the right-hand-rule direction. The SI unit for magnetic moment is the Weber, and it can be measured as the object's tendency to align with a magnetic field, also known as magnetic dipole moment. Objects that have magnetic moments include loops of electric current, permanent magnets, elementary particles, various molecules, and many astronomical objects. The magnetic moment of an atom is equal to the vector sum of the orbital magnetic moments and the constant known as the Bohr magneton. An example of an object with an intrinsic magnetic dipole moment is the electron itself.
A Magnetic dipole is a phenomenon in electromagnetism in which an electric current's closed loop or a pair of poles is reduced to zero size while keeping the magnetic moment constant. It is the magnetic counterpart of an electric dipole. The strength of a magnetic dipole moment is given by the formula m = NIA and is measured in Ampere meter square. A magnetic dipole moment is the measure of an object's tendency to align with a magnetic field. A magnet is called a magnetic dipole because it has two poles, north and south. An arbitrary oriented magnetic dipole can be presented as a sum of two dipoles- a vertical and a horizontal one. A wire loop with constant current passing through it is a typical example of a magnetic dipole.
